210 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
210 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
# Assignment 1
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*due on 18 November 2020*
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In this first assignment your task is to create a version control system (VCS) similar to [Git](https://git-scm.com/) or [Mercurial](https://www.mercurial-scm.org/).
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However, this VCS will be much simpler.
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For this assignment you are *not* allowed to work in teams.
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You are *not* allowed to use code from other people participating in this course.
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Always state the origin of non-original code and ideas.
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It is recommend to be familiar with Git to understand the intensions behind the following commands.
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## `lit`
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All functionality of your VCS is bundled into one executable named `lit`.
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Similar to `git`, it provides multiple *sub-commands* like `checkout` and `status`.
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These sub-commands are always provided as first argument to `lit` and explained below.
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### `lit help`
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Displays a concise usage information.
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Each sub-command is listed and described briefly.
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### `lit init`
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To initialize a repository run `lit init` inside some directory.
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This directory is now the root of the repository.
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Additionally, the VCS creates a new folder `.lit` containing all internal data.
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All files of the directory are tracked.
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There is no need to explicitly add them as you'd do with Git.
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### `lit status`
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Lists all files that have been added, removed, or modified, with respect to the currently checked out commit.
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Keep the output concise, similar to `git status --short`.
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### `lit commit`
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Creates a new commit containing *all* changes.
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In contrast to Git, there is no staging area.
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A commit is comprised of a unique identifier, the identifier of the parent commit(s), a timestamp, a message, and the recorded changes.
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The message is provided to the `commit` sub-command as additional argument.
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Use a counter (starting from 0) prefixed with `r` (for revision) as unique identifier.
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```
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$ lit commit 'Add coin operated self-destruct feature'
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Commit: r42
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Date: Mon Sep 28 23:27:53 CEST 2020
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```
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### `lit show`
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This sub-command is used to inspect the given commit.
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If no commit is specified, display the currently checked out one.
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```
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$ lit show r42
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Commit: r42
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Parents: r41
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Date: Mon Sep 28 23:27:53 CEST 2020
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Add coin operated self-destruct feature
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--- a/main.c
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+++ b/main.c
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@@ -1,8 +1,19 @@
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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+#include "ship_systems/propulsion/shaw_fujikawa.h"
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+
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+#include "utils/coin_operator.h"
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+
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int main(void)
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{
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puts("Hello World");
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+
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+ if (coin_operator_triggered()) {
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+ puts("Have a nice day (> . =)");
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+ prop_engine_t *engine = prop_ftl_get_shaw_fujikawa();
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+ prop_detonate(engine);
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+ }
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+
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return EXIT_SUCCESS;
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}
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```
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### `lit checkout`
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This resets the state of all files to the given commit's state.
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All un-committed changes are dropped upon checkout.
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If no commit is specified, reset the current state to the currently checked out commit.
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You can add new branches by first checking out a previous commit, and then creating a new commit.
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### `lit merge`
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This command initiates a merge with the currently checked out commit and the specified commit.
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A merge is only initiated if there are no un-committed changes.
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Auto-merging files that have been modified in both branches is not supported.
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If a file has been modified (or created) in both branches, the whole file is treated as a conflict.
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If a file has been deleted in both branches you may treat it as no conflict.
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If a conflict is encountered, stop the merge process and provide the respective files of the other branch as well as the common base.
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```
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$ lit merge r21
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Merge conflict(s) detected:
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- robot.c
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$ ls
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robot.c # currently checked out version.
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robot.c.r21 # version of the other branch
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robot.c.r18 # common base of both branches
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$ # Manually resolving the merge conflict:
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$ vimdiff robot.c robot.c.r21 robot.c.r18
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$ # Cleanup
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$ rm robot.c.r21 robot.c.r18
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$ lit commit 'Merge r21 into r20'
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```
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To complete the merge after manually resolving a conflict, invoke the `commit` sub-command.
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To abort the merge, use `checkout`.
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### `lit log`
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Displays a graph of all commits, one line per commit.
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The currently checked out commit is highlighted.
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You don't have to follow the exact format of this example:
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```
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$ lit log
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o←┐ ← r3 "Merge r2 with r1"
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│ └o r2 "Add chocolate egg dispenser"
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o │ r1 "Add coin operated self destruct feature"
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o──┘ r0 "First Commit"
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```
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## Implementation
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If you encounter a problem where the specification is ambiguous or unclear, make a justifiable decision on what to do.
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You are only allowed to use:
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- C++ standard library (C++17 standard)
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- C standard library (as fallback)
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- GNU/Linux operating system's C APIs (POSIX, `mmap`, memfd, eventfd, …)
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- `diff` / `patch` command
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You must use [CMake](https://cmake.org/) as build system.
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Use [ClangFormat](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html) to automatically format your code using the provided [`.clang-format`](../.clang-format) configuration.
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There is probably a plugin for your text editor / IDE to automate this process.
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Your VCS must store the differences (as reported by `diff -u`).
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Storing a full copy of the repository's files for each commit is not allowed.
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You don't need to track empty folders, yet files located within folders.
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You may treat empty files as being deleted.
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You may assume that `lit` is always executed from the root of a repository.
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You may assume that only one instance of your VCS operates on a repository at any point in time.
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Hence, you don't need to add some form of locking mechanism to prevent concurrent access.
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The executable does not depend on any additional resources (except for standard libraries, `diff` and `patch`).
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You may assume that `diff` and `patch` are present and available via `PATH`.
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**Hint:** It may be a good idea to create a dedicated class for invoking shell commands like `diff` and `patch`.
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Simply using `system(3)` may not give you enough control over the process as you also need to interact with `stdin` / `stdout`.
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Consider using `popen(3)` (or even `fork(2)`, `exec(2)`, `pipe(2)`, and `dup2(2)`) and getting some inspiration from [Go's `exec` package](https://golang.org/pkg/os/exec/) or [Python's `subprocess` module](https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html).
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## Testing
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Along with this specification a rudimentary test script [`lit-test`](lit-test) is provided, have a look at it.
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It assumes that the `lit` executable is in your path.
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Remember that you can use `bash -x` to debug the test script.
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You are encouraged to set up some more test cases for your implementation.
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## Evaluation (9 points)
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- (3) Can create new commits and checkout old ones (no branches)
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- (2) Can create new branches and switch between branches
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- (1) Can inspect a commit using `lit show`
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- (1) Can merge two branches (no conflict)
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- (1) Can merge two branches (with conflict)
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- (1) Can display a graph with all commits and their relationships
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## Submission
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Assuming you are using Git to manage your code, please use the `git archive` command to package your project.
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Use the following command, replacing `firstname`, `lastname` accordingly (all lowercase).
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git archive --prefix=lastname_firstname_assignemnt_1/ --format=zip HEAD > lastname_firstname_assignemnt_1.zip
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Verify that the packaged version is working and send it using the following link:
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📧 [send email](mailto:alexander.hirsch@uibk.ac.at?subject=703807%20-%20Assignment%201)
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