Add exercises

README.md

@@ -15,6 +15,15 @@ This includes things like:
 - Unnecessary waste of time or space (memory leaks)
 - …
 
+## Exercises
+
+While the previous iterations of this course leveraged weekly exercise sheets, this one does not.
+However, I would like to keep these exercises around as they support the lecture and explore certain auxiliary topics relevant to C++.
+You are encouraged to solve (or at least think about) these exercises and participate in the discussions during the stream.
+You will not submit a solution as these exercises are optional, but feel free to ask questions when running into problems.
+
+The [`exercises`](exercises) folder will be updated throughout the semester.
+
 ## C++ Related Questions
 
 Break code specific questions down to a minimal example.

exercises/README.md

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+# Exercises
+
+## Task 01
+
+Install G++ and Clang, then compile the provided file [`hello.cpp`](task01/hello.cpp).
+Use the following flags when compiling:
+
+    -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -O2
+
+Next, set up [Boost](http://www.boost.org/) on your system and compile the provided file [`hello_boost.cpp`](task01/hello_boost.cpp).
+Boost is quite common and provides you a set of useful C++ libraries.
+Some of its content is even promoted into the C++ standard library.
+
+## Task 02
+
+Run Clang on the provided file [`vec.cpp`](task02/vec.cpp) using the following command:
+
+    clang -std=c++17 -Xclang -ast-dump -fsyntax-only -Wno-vexing-parse vec.cpp
+
+Clang will parse the input file and display its abstract syntax tree (AST).
+In the bottom half of the output you'll find the function declaration of `main` followed by its `CompoundStmt`.
+Take a close look at its children and compare the resulting AST with the input code.
+Notice any oddities — something that looks counter intuitive?
+
+As you can see, there are multiple different ways of initialisation in C++.
+Check out the [corresponding section at cppreference](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/initialization).
+
+## Task 03
+
+The directory [`task03`](task03) hosts four subdirectories, `libFoo`, `libBar`, `libBaz`, and `app`.
+
+Each folder prefixed with `lib` represents a library and contains a header plus a source file.
+Furthermore, the library `libBaz.so` depends on `libBar.so`.
+
+`app` contains a single source file providing a `main` function.
+It depends on all three libraries.
+
+![Dependency Graph](images/task03_dependencies.png)
+
+- Model this project structure using [CMake](https://cmake.org/)
+- Be sure to set the C++ standard to C++17 and enable warnings (`-Wall -Wextra`)
+- The default build type should be *Release*
+
+CMake itself is a build system generator.
+You can choose from a variety of target build systems.

exercises/images/task03_dependencies.dot

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+digraph {
+    node [shape=box style=filled fillcolor=lightblue fontname="Roboto Mono" fontsize=12 ];
+    edge [style=dashed arrowhead=onormal];
+
+    app;
+    foo [label="libFoo.so"];
+    bar [label="libBar.so"];
+    baz [label="libBaz.so"];
+
+    app -> foo;
+    app -> bar;
+    app -> baz;
+    baz -> bar;
+}

exercises/task01/hello.cpp

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+#include <iostream>
+
+int main()
+{
+	std::cout << "Hello World" << std::endl;
+}

exercises/task01/hello_boost.cpp

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+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <boost/algorithm/string/replace.hpp>
+
+int main()
+{
+	std::string s = "foo bar";
+	boost::replace_all(s, "foo", "Hello");
+	boost::replace_all(s, "bar", "World");
+	std::cout << s << std::endl;
+}

exercises/task02/vec.cpp

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+class Vec3 {
+  public:
+	Vec3() = default;
+	Vec3(int x, int y, int z) : x(x), y(y), z(z) {}
+
+  private:
+	int x = 0;
+	int y = 0;
+	int z = 0;
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+	Vec3 v0;
+	Vec3 v1();
+	Vec3 v2(1, 2, 3);
+	Vec3 v3{1, 2, 3};
+	Vec3 v4 = {1, 2, 3};
+
+	auto v5 = Vec3{};
+	auto v6 = Vec3(1, 2, 3);
+	auto v7 = Vec3{1, 2, 3};
+}

exercises/task03/app/app.cpp

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+#include "bar.hpp"
+#include "baz.hpp"
+#include "foo.hpp"
+
+int main()
+{
+	foo();
+	bar();
+	baz();
+}

exercises/task03/libBar/bar.cpp

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+#include "bar.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+void bar()
+{
+	std::cout << "Function bar called" << std::endl;
+}

exercises/task03/libBar/bar.hpp

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+#ifndef UIBK_703807_EX01_TASK3_BAR_HPP
+#define UIBK_703807_EX01_TASK3_BAR_HPP
+
+void bar();
+
+#endif // UIBK_703807_EX01_TASK3_BAR_HPP

exercises/task03/libBaz/baz.cpp

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+#include "baz.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "bar.hpp"
+
+void baz()
+{
+	bar();
+	std::cout << "Function baz called" << std::endl;
+}

exercises/task03/libBaz/baz.hpp

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+#ifndef UIBK_703807_EX01_TASK3_BAZ_HPP
+#define UIBK_703807_EX01_TASK3_BAZ_HPP
+
+void baz();
+
+#endif // UIBK_703807_EX01_TASK3_BAZ_HPP

exercises/task03/libFoo/foo.cpp

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+#include "foo.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+void foo()
+{
+	std::cout << "Function foo called" << std::endl;
+}

exercises/task03/libFoo/foo.hpp

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+#ifndef UIBK_703807_EX01_TASK3_FOO_HPP
+#define UIBK_703807_EX01_TASK3_FOO_HPP
+
+void foo();
+
+#endif // UIBK_703807_EX01_TASK3_FOO_HPP